What's on your mind?
04-02-2015, 04:49 PM
Today, I worked on an important feature of Vrkhazh that I call the "Familiaritive".
The central use of the Familiaritive is to mark that the referent (as a friend, ally, family member, lover, or rival) is known to the speaker. The Familiaritive also conveys a sense of friendliness and openness towards the referent, while the lack of familiar marking conveys a sense of neutrality, distance, and even hostility. The Familiaritive is marked on verbs and there is a set of Familiaritive pronouns.
All examples have written below them a series shorthand terms known as "glossing" in order to help understand grammar. I'll list those:
1, 2, 3 = 1st person, 2nd person, 3rd person, respectively
Sg or s = singular
Pl or p = plural
MASC or m = masculine (e.g. ms = masculine singular)
FEM or f = feminine
NOM = Nominative (the actor/subject of the verb, "I, he, she")
ACC = Accusative (the patient/object of the verb "me, him, her")
GEN = Genitive (possessor, "my, your, his")
ALL = Allative (expresses movement towards something)
ACT = Active voice (I X, you X, he Xs)
PRES = Present tense
PST = Past tense
NEG = Negative (No/Not)
FMLR = Familiaritive
Examples:
ʾEma ta-muluḥa šadiki ziquẕ.
2fs-NOM-FMLR ACC-FEM=friend-FEM-SG 1s-GEN FMLR-be-ACT-PRES-SG
You are my friend.
Ǧoti šuješ zinammudam.
3mp-NOM-FMLR 3ms-ALL FMLR-dash-ACT-PST-PL
They dashed towards him.
When not marking the Familiaritive becomes an insult:
Ẕaẏ ʾišib šumar seẇt ʾitim!
1s-NOM 2ms-ACC know-ACT-PRES-SG anymore NEG
I don't know you anymore!
The central use of the Familiaritive is to mark that the referent (as a friend, ally, family member, lover, or rival) is known to the speaker. The Familiaritive also conveys a sense of friendliness and openness towards the referent, while the lack of familiar marking conveys a sense of neutrality, distance, and even hostility. The Familiaritive is marked on verbs and there is a set of Familiaritive pronouns.
All examples have written below them a series shorthand terms known as "glossing" in order to help understand grammar. I'll list those:
1, 2, 3 = 1st person, 2nd person, 3rd person, respectively
Sg or s = singular
Pl or p = plural
MASC or m = masculine (e.g. ms = masculine singular)
FEM or f = feminine
NOM = Nominative (the actor/subject of the verb, "I, he, she")
ACC = Accusative (the patient/object of the verb "me, him, her")
GEN = Genitive (possessor, "my, your, his")
ALL = Allative (expresses movement towards something)
ACT = Active voice (I X, you X, he Xs)
PRES = Present tense
PST = Past tense
NEG = Negative (No/Not)
FMLR = Familiaritive
Examples:
ʾEma ta-muluḥa šadiki ziquẕ.
2fs-NOM-FMLR ACC-FEM=friend-FEM-SG 1s-GEN FMLR-be-ACT-PRES-SG
You are my friend.
Ǧoti šuješ zinammudam.
3mp-NOM-FMLR 3ms-ALL FMLR-dash-ACT-PST-PL
They dashed towards him.
When not marking the Familiaritive becomes an insult:
Ẕaẏ ʾišib šumar seẇt ʾitim!
1s-NOM 2ms-ACC know-ACT-PRES-SG anymore NEG
I don't know you anymore!
"Turning iron ore into iron swords is a hard process, for one must first dig out the rock, and melt it to refine it, then one must pour that metal into a mould, let it cool a bit, and pound on it while it cools even further. Games are no different." - Ahzoh
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Vrkhazhian
ʾEšol ḵavud ʾelẕakud lav ʾezʾaẕud zwazaršeru ya lit žalneru lav lit t͛enud. Ṗal sa-ražheru lav raržižu paplam lav ṗal widsaṟam bemaḵu šuku lit ʾeyṭu waẏnilaẇ. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.